双城记（英文全本）

Charles Dickens was an English novelist born into a family of naval clerks. When he was 10 years old, his family was forced to move into a debtor's prison, and at 11 years old, he had to take on heavy household chores. He apprenticed at a shoemaker's workshop and worked as a law clerk at 16, before becoming a journalist for a newspaper. Despite attending school for only a few years, he became a renowned writer through rigorous self-study and hard work.

Dickens lived during the transition from a semi-feudal society to industrial capitalism in England. His works depict various aspects of life during this period vividly and in-depth. He also effectively portrayed the representative figures of all social classes, exposing and criticizing various social evils from a humanitarian perspective. He showed sympathy and support for the suffering and rebellious struggles of laborers but at the same time advocated for a philosophy of tolerance, forgiveness, and class reconciliation. This resulted in a contradictory attitude towards the rebellion of laborers - supporting it in action while denying it morally. This embodied the powerful realism and weak idealism of Dickens.

Throughout his life, Dickens created 14 novels, numerous short stories, essays, travelogues, plays, and sketches. His most famous work is the long novel "Hard Times" (185...), which portrays the conflicts between labor and capital.

作者简介

英国小说家，出生于海军小职员家庭，10岁时全家被迫迁入负债者监狱，11岁就承担起繁重的家务劳动。曾在皮鞋作坊当学徒，16岁时在律师事务所当缮写员，后担任报社采访记者。他只上过几年学，全靠刻苦自学和艰辛劳动成为知名作家。他生活在英国由半封建社会向工业资本主义社会的过渡时期。其作品广泛而深刻地描写这时期社会生活的各个方面，鲜明而生动地刻画了各阶层的代表人物形象，并从人道主义出发对各种丑恶的社会现象及其代表人物进行揭露批判，对劳动人民的苦难及其反抗斗争给以同情和支持。但同时他也宣扬以“仁爱”为中心的忍让宽恕和阶级调和思想。对劳动人民的反抗斗争抱行动上支持而道德上否定的矛盾态度。表现了他的现实主义的强大力量和软弱空想。狄更斯一生共创作了14部长篇小说，许多中、短篇小说和杂文、游记、戏剧、小品。其中最著名的作品是描写劳资矛盾的长篇代表作《艰难时代》（1854）和描写1789年法国革命的另一篇代表作《双城记》（1859）。前者展示了工业资本家对工人的残酷剥削和压迫，描写了工人阶级的团结斗争，并批判了为资本家剥削辩护的自由竞争原则和功利主义学说。后者以法国贵族的荒淫残暴、人民群众的重重苦难和法国大革命的历史威力，来影射当时的英国社会现实，预示这场“可怕的大火”也将在法国重演。其他作品有《奥列佛·特维斯特》（又译《雾都孤儿》1838）、《老古玩店》（1841），《董贝父子》（1848），《大卫·科波菲尔》（1850）和《远大前程》（1861），等等。狄更斯是19世纪英国现实主义文学的主要代表。艺术上以妙趣横生的幽默、细致入微的心理分析，以及现实主义描写与浪漫主义气氛的有机结合著称。马克思把他和萨克雷等称誉为英国的“一批杰出的小说家”。